CHAPTER 2
MASS COMMUNICATION
Ex. 1, p. 44
1. Really, my capacities were a bit dulled.
2. I had the unabbreviated dictionary and I was hiding in the back end, hoping I might find the word “interview” among the pictures.
3. It has often said and by people who would not praise insincerely and who could not have any motive for doing it, I am rather significant in that way.
4 . Will you allow me to ask you some questions in order to clear up the remarkable points of your public and private life?
5. This awe-inspiring mystery has cast a shadow over my whole life.
6. Well, I think I have enough material by now, and I am very thankful for the trouble you have taken.
Ex. 2, p. 44
1. I was not in a good mood that morning.
2.. .. they always speak of it with delight.
3.. .. it is the custom, now, to interview any man who has ill fame.
4. It is very fashionable now.
5.
6. I shall work perseveringly on it.
7. we can never cl ear this matter up.
8. How do you explain that?
9.. .. you prove to be one hundred and eight.
10. Many a time it has seemed to me like a contradiction.
11.. .. I could not come to a decision.
12. I would give pay any price to find out.
13.. .. I will tell you з secret now, which I never have told any creature before.
Ex. 3, p. 44
1. They could not have any motive for praising mere than one deserves.
2. This awful mystery influenced (changed) my whole life.
3. Then the young man left respectfully.
Ex. 4, p. 44
1. The young man was connected with one of the evening newspapers
2. I felt my powers seemed a bit under a cloud.
3. I could not make out his hand and had to ask for help.
4. This colour is all the rage now.
5. We can hardly get this matter straight.
6. It always takes one a long time to make up one’s mind.
7. Thank you for the pains you have
8. I promise that I won’t betray your confidence and won’t reveal your secret.
9. >
10. In a few minutes she came to life.
11. His account of the event sounded disheartening.
12. There was on awful discrepancy between the two accounts of the interview.
13. He spoke of her singing with rapture.
14. You flatter me.
Ex. 5, p. 44
Inducement – an іncentive; motive
Discrepancy-contradiction
Notorious – being publicly and unfavourably known and discussed
Disheartening – discouraging
Salient – significant, noticeable
Cipher – to put into cipher, encode
Bring out – to reveal
Account for – explain
Ex. 6, p. 44
1. Сподіваюсь, це не зашкодить…
2. Насправді, здавалось, що мої здібності були вже трошки не ті.
3. У мене був повний словник (без скорочень), і я міркував у дальньому кутку, сподіваючись, що я міг знайти його серед малюнків.
4. Про це часто казали люди, які б не лестили і які б не мали приводу для лестощів, у чому я цілком упевнений.
5. Я не чув про це раніше. Мабуть, це дуже цікаво.
В. Ви дозволите мені поставити вам деякі запитання для того, щоб дізнатись про визначні події вашого громадського та особистого життя?
7. Якщо ви були на його похороні, він повинен бути мертвим, і якщо він був мертвий, то яке йому було діло до того, голосили ви чи ні.
8. У будь-якому разі я не розумію, як зони могли зробити таку велику помилку та поховати не ту дитину.
Ex. 8, р. 45
1.
– Ні, man. Doing anything tonight?
– No, why are you asking me about it?
– I was invited to a party and want you to accompany me.
2.
– Finished your work?
– Almost. I’ll finish my work in half an hour.
– OK. I’ll call you back in half an hour.
3.
– Hurt yourself?
– I’m afraid I have.
– I have told you for thousands times do not ride your bicycle here.
– Now, I have got the point.
4.
– Have you seen anything of Bob?
– Not much. It seems he disappeared or he was stolen by aliens.
– You are right, his behaviour is weird.
5.
– Are going anywhere tomorrow night?
– Yes, I am going to the theatre. Why are you asking me?
– I would like to invite you to a night club.
– Tomorrow?
– Yes!?
– Sorry, I can not go with you there.
Ex. 9, p. 45
1. Make such what? 2. No harm why? 3. Get this matter how? 4. For her what? 5. Never could hove met whom?
Ex.10.p. 45
1. They have troubles enough without adding this. No, they have not/No, they don’t have.
2. The family can hear of it here. No, they can not.
3. You haven’t taken any pains to do it. But I have. No, I have.
4.1 have got material enough for the present. But I haven’t. No, I haven’t.
Ex. 11, p. 45
1. You do notice a thing very quickly.
2. She did look very intelligent.
3. She did speak of the book with rapture.
4. It does seem curious that they should be friends.
5. He did ask you again and again to make less noise.
Ex. 12, p. 45
1. You must have been tired after a day’s work.
2. She must have been feeling very awkward here.
3. He must have been a very pleasant, company,
4. He must have had a very bad memory to forget such essential things.
5. It must have-been all the rage now.
6. He must have been a bit under a cloud.
Ex. 13, p. 45
1. He must have been no more than thirty-five.
2. He must have been very Keen on that story.
3. It must have been very boring there.
4. That newspaper must have been a new one.
5. He must’ve been very nervous.
Ex. 14 , p. 46
1. They could not have ever met.
2. You could not have taken any pains to complete the work.
3. Could such a thing have been suggested?
4. Could he have spoken of it with rapture?
5. Couldn’t he have spoken of it with rapture?
6. Could he have been taken in to be thirty?
Ex. 15, p. 46
1. He couldn’t have done it, could he?
2. You could have come earlier, couldn’t you?
3. They couldn’t have stopped there, could they?
4. I could have finished my work later, couldn’t I?
5. The dead man couldn’t have come to life, could he?
Ex. 16, p. 46
However, I went to the bookcase, and when I had been looking six or seven minutes I found I was obliged to refer to the young man.
1. The past perfect continuous can be used to say how long something had been happening before something else happened:
I had been looking six or seven minutes – I found…
2. Also the past perfect continuous can be used to say that something was happening and in the middle of this action something else also happened.
1. I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day.
2. I had been smoking for 25 years when I finally gave it up.
3. When I looked out of the window, it had been snowing.
Ex. 17, p. 46
1. I expected you had been studying English for an hour when I came.
2. It seemed we had been talking for about half an hour, when his wife rang up and reminded him about the theatre.
3. He said it had already been raining for several hours when he went out.
4. He wanted to see where Andrew had been living for almost ten years when he came to see him.
5. What made you think that I had been painting this picture for a long time when you proposed to buy it?
Ex. 18, p. 46
They happened to take great pains to do it.
He turned out to be quite Notorious.
The story appeared to bring out the main facts of his life.
He seemed to have already made up his mind.
Ex. 19, p. 46
A) Disheartening, irregular, impossible.
B) Unhappy, impossible, illegal, disloyal, unpleasant, impatient, irresponsible, disobedient.
Ex. 20, p. 46
A)
1. They could not make up their mind for a long time.
2. I doubt they will get this matter straight.
3. He has become notorious.
4. He proposed a chair to his interlocutor.
5. It is unknown how she accounts for her absence.
6. He promised to put his whole mind on this problem.
7. They took great pains to soften the unpleasant impression.
8. They spoke of the boy’s musical talent with rapture.
9. Take a look at this picture.
10. There was a considerable discrepancy what he was talking about.
11. As soon as she had been given an injection she came to life.
B)
1. You must have known each other for a long time.
2. Could you have known each other for a long time?
3. You could not have known each other for along time.
4. Could he have been a really interesting interlocutor?
5. He must have been a very nice person.
C)
– Are you in a hurry to get anywhere?
-Yes, to get to the class.
– But the class starts only at two o’clock.
– At two? No, you axe wrong. At one thirty sharp.
Ex. 21, p. 46
(a)
1. Don’t put your nose in other people’s affairs. It is none of your business. 2. I really not know how to account for her absence. 3. She quietly thanked him for his kindness and left the room. 4. The portrait in the newspaper reminded me of one of the friends from my childhood. 5. The tragedy cast a shadow over his early life. 6. I believe we have had quite enough of it for the present. 7. She spoke of the performance with rapture. 8. I could not find the manuscript among my papers. 9. The work consisted of reading and translation.
(b)
When Samuel was twelve years old, his father died, and the boy was apprenticed by local printers, and then worked as compositor and pressman for his older brother Orion, who managed a not completely successful newspaper in Hannibal. There was room on its pages with humorous features which young Samuel composed and with miscellaneous items which he collected in “Our Assistant’s Column”.
By the time he was seventeen he was able to think of himself as something more than a local writer. In May 1852 The Dandy Frightening the Squatter appeared in the Carpet-Bag, a sportsman’s magazine in Boston. It anticipates much the later manner of Mark Twain and is laid in Hannibal on the Mississippi River.
At eighteen he left little Hannibal for St. Louis, the largest town of Missouri, where he saved his wages carefully until he could strike out of the limits of his western state. He travelled first, by steamboat and rail, from Chicago and Buffalo, to New York.
Ex. 26, p. 47
Of cause some modern readers are offended by some of the language and content of Twain’s books. One particularly sensitive example of this is the free use of the word “nigger” in “Huckleberry Finn”. Nowadays it is an insult for all Afro-Americans who live in the USA. But Twain used contemporary language in his books to bring his characters to life. Nothing else. This realistic prose style influenced numerous American writers. Ironically, for his time, Twain was liberal on racial and many social issues. The underlying themes of “Huckleberry Finn” support a fundamental equality for people of all races.
As Twain’s life and career progressed he became increasingly pessimistic, losing much of the humorous, cocky tone of his earlier years. More and more of his work expressed the gloomy view that all human motives are ultimately selfish. Even so Twain is best remembered as a humorist who used his sharp wit and comic exaggeration to attack the false pride and self-importance he saw in humanity.
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