UNIT 5 AMBITIONS AND PLANS
Ex.1, p.142
1. C; 2. D; 3. D; 4. B; 5. B.
Ex.2, p.143
1. T; 2. P; 3. T; 4. F; 5. F; 6. F.
Ex.3, p.144
1. B; 2. C; 3. H; 4. D; 5. F; 6. G; 7. A; 8. E.
Ex.4, p.144
1. Docs; 2. Finding; 3, Do; 4. Getting; 5. Doing,
Ex.5, p.144
1. A; 2. A; 3. A; 4. A; 5. B; 6. B.
Lesson 2
Ex.2, p.147
1. Take up;
2. Make up;
3. Keep up with;
4. Put up with.
Ex.3, p.147
1. Take part in;
2. Carried on;
3. Made up;
4. De>
5. Turn off.
Ex.4, p.147
1. Is going to;
2. He’d like to;
3. He’s going to;
4. She’d like to;
5. We’re going to.
Lesson 3
Ex.2, p.150
1. Thinking about your future career.
2. Affect the jobs available.
3. Part-time Jobs, regular jobs
4. Become unemployed and have to look for now jobs.
5. Special training and meeting people.
6. By certain people or certain events, by their teachers, parents and friends, someone’s footsteps.
7. Your natural abilities or talents.
8. The learnt capacity for doing something.
9. Up oven more Job opportunities.
Ex.4, p.150
1. Job;
2. Profession;
3. Career;
4. Occupation.
Ex.6, p.151
1. Interesting;
2. Exhausting;
3. Creative;
4. Tiring and monotonous;
5. Skillful;
6. Rewarding.
7. Exciting;
8. Dangerous;
9. Popular;
10. Tiring.
Ex.7, p.151
When I was a child of ten I collected dresses for my Barby. It was so interesting to drnw them. My Mother helped me to sew them at first. Then I started to make them myself. At school l had a lot of girl-friends who admired my collection. Some of them liked my ideas and soon we decided to organize the club of new fashion for Barbies.
My hobby was
My hobby influenced the choice of my future career. I am going to enter the Academy of Art and Design. Having an interesting profession as well as an interesting hobby will make my life twice more interesting.
Each of us has to make a very important decision at the age of 17 or 18 – to choose our profession. Rut (he task is really very hard to fulfil because at this age we lack life experience, we are not quite aware yet about our inclinations and gifts. That is a why it is very important to have somebody to give us some advice and instructions. Such people are, first of all, our parents and teachers, that is those people who know us best. As far as I am concerned, I dwelt my choice on teaching English, when I was in the eighth form. The choice was not so difficult to make because on the one hand, I had been fond of English since the time I began to learn It first, and on the other hand. I liked to take can of younger children, to play with them, to read to them and to be in charge of them whenever I was asked to.
It goes without saying that English was my favorite subject and I was always good at it. To prepare home-tasks in English, to answer in class, to speak English to our teacher was a real pleasure to me. But I enjoyed roost to listen to tapes in our sound laboratory which was well equipped. I shall remember my first experience of communication with native speakers as long as I live. It was a few years ago. when I studied in the seventh form. A delegation of some schoolchildren from Cincinnati, the USA to be more exact, came to our school, I was beside myself with happiness when I saw that they understood my English. It was then that it became clear to me that I should do my best to improve my programs broadcast in English, which was a good example to follow. I am sure that I’ll never regret my choice.
A lawyer, according to Black’s Law Dictionary, is “a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person licensed to practice law.” Law Is the system of rule” of conduct established by the sovereign government of a society to correct wrongs, maintain stability, and deliver justice. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who retain (i. e., hire) lawyers to perform legal services.
The role of the lawyer varies significantly across legal jurisdictions, and so it can be treated here in only the most general terms. More Information is available in country-specific articles.
In practice, legal jurisdictions exercise their right to determine who is recognized as being a lawyer; as a result, the meaning of the term “lawyer” may vary from place to place.
In New Zealand and Australia the word “lawyer” is used to refer to both barristers and solicitors (whether in private practice or practising as corporate in-house counsel) but not people who do not practice the law.
In Canada, the word “lawyer” only refers to individuals who have been called to the bar or have qualified as civil law notaries in the province of Quebec. Common law lawyers in Canada may also be known as “barristers and solicitors*, but should not be referred to as “attorneys”, since that term has a different meaning in Canadian usage. However, in Quebec, civil law advocates (or avocats in French) often call themselves “attorney” and sometimes “barrister and solicitor”.
In England, “lawyer” is used loosely to refer to a broad variety of law-trained persons. It includes practitioners such as barristers, solicitors, legal executives and licensed conveyancers; and people who are Involved with the law but do not practise it on behalf of individual clients, such as judges, court clerks, and drafters of legislation.
In India, the term “lawyer” is often colloquially used, but the official term is “advocate” as prescribed under the Advocates Act, 1961.
In Scotland, the word “lawyer*- refers to a more specific group of legally trained people. It specifically includes advocates and solicitors. In a generic sense, it may also include Judges and law-trained support staff.
In the United States, the term generally refers to attorneys who may practice law; it is never used to refer to patent agents or paralegals.
Other nations tend to have comparable terms for the analogous concept.
An economist is on export in the social science of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophical theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific markets, macroeconomic analysts, microeconomic analysis or financial analysis, involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics, statistics, economics computational models, financial economics, mathematical finance and mathematical economics.
The professionalization of economics, reflected in academia, has been described as “the main change in economics since around 1900.” Economists debate the path they believe their profession should take. It is, primarily, a debate between a scholastic orientation, focused on mathematical techniques, and a public discourse orientation, which is more focused on communicating to lay people pertinent economic principles as they relate to public policy. Surveys among economists Indicate a preference for a shift toward the latter. However, these preferences expressed in private often differ with what is actually acted out in the public eye.
Most major universities have an economics faculty, school or department, where academic degrees are awarded in economic”. However, many prominent economists come from a background in mathematic”, engineering, business, law, sociology, or history. Getting a PhD in economies takes six years, on average, with a median of 5.3 years.
The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, established by Sveriges Riksbank in 1968, is a prize awarded to economists each year for outstanding intellectual contributions in the field of economics. The prize winners are announced in October every year. They receive their awards (a prize amount, a gold medal and an diploma) on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.
Economists work in many fields including academia, government and in the private sector, where they may also “…study data and statistics in order to spot trends in economic activity, economic confidence levels, and consumer attitudes. They assess this information using advanced methods in statistical analysis, mathematics, computer programming [and] they make recommendations about ways to improve the efficiency of a system or take advantage of trends as they begin.”
It is more difficult to define the professional category of “economists” than to define regulated professions such as engineering, law or medicine. While a lawyer, for example, may be generally defined as a person possessing a law degree end state license to practice law, there Is not a legally-required educational requirement or license for economists. In some job settings, the possession of a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in economics is considered the minimum credential for being an economist. However, in some parts of the US government, a person can to considered an economist as long as they have four or more university courses in economics. As well, a person car gain the skills required to become a professional economist in other related disciplines, such as statistics or some types of applied mathematics, such as mathematical finance or game theory.
A professional working inside of one of many fields of economics or having an academic degree in this subject is widely considered to be on economist, and any person within any of these fields can claim to be one (citation needed). Economists are also employed in banking, finance, accountancy, commerce, marketing, business administration, lobbying and non – or not-for profit organizations.
Politicians often consult economists before enacting policy, and many statesmen have academic degrees in economics.
Lesson 4
Ex.2, p.153
Name | Ambition (would like to) | Plan (is going to) |
Pete | To sleep a lot and forget about everything | To take some summer course” to improve the marks |
Amy | To learn as many languages as possible | To spend some tine in Italy |
Chris | To travel nil over the world on his bike | To spend five weeks touring Scandinavia |
Sarah | To be an ecologist | To lead a campaign against the local supermarket chain |
Paul | To be a professional footballer and get a place in the national team | To leave school as soon as possible, to spend three weeks in the camp for talented young footballers, to work hard |
Ex.5, p.154
A) To take up;
B) To take part in;
C) A campaign;
D) To improve;
E) To volunteer.
Lesson 5
Ex.2, p.155
1. Had;
2. Didn’t like;
3. Had to:
4. Started;
5. Met;
6. Earned;
7. Had;
8. Was;
9. Thought;
10. Needed;
11. Is going to work;
12. Is going to deliver;
13. Is going to earn;
14. Is going to visit;
15. Is going to take;
16. Is going to stay.
Ex.3, p.155
1. Newspapers;
2. Letter.
Ex.4, p.156
1. A Body Guard;
2. A Plumber;
3. A Hairdresser;
4. A pilot;
5. A spy;
6. A nurse;
7, A car mechanic;
8. A housekeeper;
9. An architect;
10. A programmer.
Ex.5(b), p.157
1. Manchester.
2. Certainly changing.
3. Advertizing, the computer industry and even some unusual Jobs like car mechanics.
4. All kinds of jobs.
5. How a person does it. not by what sex a person is.
6. Home.
7. More open to different careers and jobs.
Ex.6.p. 157
1. D; 2. E; 3. A; 4. F; 6. B; 6. 0.
Lesson 6
Ex.4, p.160
1. Mrs. Brown was under horrible conditions in her flat.
2. The patient was under safe conditions in the hospital.
3. Their daughter was under comfortable conditions el her aunt’s.
4. Captain was under dangerous conditions for three days.
1. Bunk took upon itself the responsibility to save money.
2. Mother took upon herself the responsibility to bring up her children.
3. School takes upon itself the responsibility to give secondary education.
4. Mr. Biyton took upon himself the responsibility to tell Bob the truth.
5. The doctor took upon himself the responsibility to give right treatment to his patient.
Ex.9, p.161
Doctors
From a medical point of view, doctors are people who have completed medical training and have at least an M. D. degree. Many might say that doctors save lives and increase the average life span, hut this is not true. In fact, almost all of the increased life span that we have now is due to sanitation and vaccines. So what do doctors do? Sure they save a life here end there, but what the really do is relieve suffering. Doctors Improve our standards of living, make us more comfortable, and general promote the well being of those around us.
Undoubtedly the role of doctors is great. He can advise a lot of things we have never even heard of. The fact is what kind of doctor you will meet on your way; if it is a specialist or a person who go to work in this sphere by occasion.
Doctors are people who heal those who are sick, and they give advice to those who needs help for those people…
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Nurses
Nurses advocate for he>
Nurses help families learn to become he>
Nurses do mere than care for individuals. They have always have been at the forefront of change in he>
Nurses Innovate. Florence Nightingale, regarded as the founder of modem nursing, is remembered as “the lady with the lamp” – yet site also collected data to prove that the main cause, by far, of fatalities in the Crimean War was not enemy fire, but infections attributed to improper sanitation. She was a pioneering statistician, probably the first person in history to use graphs and charts to persuade politicians to ac* Today’s university-trained nurses learn to trust their own firsthand observations to generate important research leads on significant topics.
Nurse” provide ongoing assessment of people’s he>
Lessons 7-8
Ex.1, p.162
1. Take part in a campaign;
2. Earn a lot of money;
3. Win a competition:
4. Take up a summer job;
5. Live abroad;
6. Leave school at 15;
7. Get another foreign language;
8. Study at university.
Ex.2, p.162
1. Do they look very smart?
2. Is the job going well?
3. Do you like working on our town?
4. Is he learning very fast?
5. Do you like being a football manager?
6. Does he wart to be a web designer?
Ex.3, p.162
1. A Lawyer;
2. An Estate agent;
3. A politician;
4. A receptionist;
5. A vet;
6. An electrician;
7. An editor;
8. A chemist;
9. A pharmaceutist;
10. A travel agent.
Lesson 9
Ex.1, p.168
1. A football manager;
2. A Chef;
3. A DJ;
4. A farmer;
5. A rock singer;
6. A musician;
7. A web designer;
8. A surfer.
Ex.3, p.168
1. What’s your name?
2. Where do you live?
3. What kind of pupil are you?
4. What subjects do you like moat?
5. What marks do you have in Geography and History?
6. Do you have any problems with subjects?
7. What Is your hobby?
8. What would you like to be?
9. Why do you think so?
Ex.5, p.170
1. A; 2. B; 3. D; 4. C; 5. C; 6. A; 7. D; 8. A; 9. D; 10. B.
Ex.3, p.172
Liverpool
Liverpool in a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. It was founded as a borough in 1207 and was granted city status in 1880. Liverpool has a population of 435, 500, and lies at the centre of the wider Liverpool Urban Area, which has a population of 816, 216.
Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were largely brought about by the city’s status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. By the early 19th century, 40% of the world’s trade passed through Liverpool’s docks, contributing to Liverpool’s rise us n major city.
Inhabitants of Liverpool are referred to as Liverpudlians but are also known as “Scousers”, in reference to the local dish known as “scouse”, a form of stew. The word “Scouse” has also become synonymous with the Liverpool accent and dialect. Liverpool’s status as a port city has contributed to its diverse population, which, historically, were drawn from a wide range of peoples, cultures, and religions, particularly those from Ireland.
The popularity of The Beatles and the other groups from the Merseybeat era contributes to Liverpool’s status as a tourist destination; tourism forms a significant part of the city’s modern economy. In 2007 the city celebrated its 800th anniversary, and in 2008 it held the European Capital of Culture title together with Stavanger, Norway.
In 2004, several areas throughout the city centre were granted World Heritage Site status by UNESCO. Referred to as the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City, the site comprises six separate locations in the city including the Pier Head. Albert Dock and William Brown Street and Includes many of the city’s most famous landmarks.
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